Feminism A Feminist Perspective - 2502 Words

â€Å"But, of course, you might be asking yourself, Am I a feminist? I might not be. I don t know! I still don t know what it is! I m too knackered and confused to work it out. That curtain pole really still isn t up! I don t have time to work out if I am a women s libber! There seems to be a lot to it. WHAT DOES IT MEAN? I understand. So here is the quick way of working out if you re a feminist. Put your hand in your pants. a) Do you have a vagina? And b) Do you want to be in charge of it? If you said yes to both, then congratulations! You re a feminist.† This is a quote by Caitlin Moran in her book How to Be a Woman describing what she believes to be feminism. Feminism has come to be known by and large to be a women’s rights movement, to the point where the word feminism is synonymous with women’s rights. Merriam Webster dictionary even defines feminism as â€Å"organized activity in support of women s rights and interests†. Yet, where it gets interesting is Urban Dictionary defines feminism as â€Å"The belief that women are and should be treated as potential intellectual equals and social equals to men. These people can be either male or female human beings, although the ideology is commonly (and perhaps falsely) associated mainly with women. The basic idea of Feminism revolves around the principle that just because human bodies are designed to perform certain procreative functions, biological elements need not dictate intellectual and social functions, capabilities,Show MoreRelatedFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1505 Words   |  7 PagesDate Feminism is a movement that is targeted towards a common goal which is, achieving equal rights for women in each sector; cultural, economic, social and personal. Its main aim is to seek to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocate is in charge of supporting the rights of women and advocating for equality. The feminist movement on the other hand campaign for women rights and protect girls and women from being mistreated (Adel 56). Feminism beganRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1083 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism is an interesting topic to cover. Feminism is often associated with or assumed to be radical feminism, despite the fact that they are two different mindsets. Feminism, in its purest sense, is the seeking of gender equality in society. It seeks to go against the idea of male supremacy and gender stereotypes, saying that both of the two are oppressive and uncalled for. Radical feminism tends to have more to do with the concept of patriarchy, saying that female dominance has been â€Å"historicallyRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1168 Words   |  5 Pagesactivism has influenced my intellectual journal through feminist theory. Feminism is a contentious topic with matters that pertain to contemporary feminism, including the following: reproductive rights; equal access to education and employment; marriage equality; violence against women; and the sex trade. While these are only a fe w of the issues faced by feminists, it is evident that feminism has great value in today’s society. My journey with feminism began in high school when a professor shared negativeRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective2541 Words   |  11 Pagesignored in criminology. After this, the second wave of feminism interest came mid-twentieth century. This wave led to renewed interest in female offenders. Feminism is a set of theories and strategies to make gender the central focus in social change. This will help in attempts to understand relationships, institutions and processes. To broadly summarize, feminism is the belief that women are inherently of equal worth to men. Many feminist views believe women suffer from oppression and discriminationRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1904 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 19th century to the present day, feminism has evolved over periods of time, shaped and molded our structure of society into what it is today. Feminism, the exploration and critique of male power that challenges traditional sex roles has always played a major role and been expressed in classic and modern literacy. From press articles, to film productions. From plays to books. Along with this, feminist literary and cultural theories were born from feminists who also challenge and analyze the expressionsRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1667 Words   |  7 PagesM odern Feminism Before we begin, I want you to create a picture in your head. You read that there is going to be a feminist rally in your local city this afternoon. What does your mind picture? Lots of pink I’m sure. Who is there? Why, a bunch of women, of course! And what could they possibly want this time? I’ll let you keep that one to yourself. We all know that in today’s world, feminism is often seen as a joke. Just a bunch of white women prancing around with signs expressing their angst forRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1567 Words   |  7 PagesTo Be or Not to Be a Feminist Not identifying as a feminist, I have become oblivious to some of the things that go on where thousands of women fight for on my behalf. I have identified myself as a non feminist and believe in the things that I have always been taught. Yet, there is many in my life who have identified themselves to be feminism or follow in the beliefs of feminism. With this subject being one that everyone already has their opinion about; we have no use trying to argue it, despite whoRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthen congratulations -- you re a feminist! (Kingston). People who advertise feminism in this manner are exactly how feminists have reached the point they are today. Feminists are demonizing men to sexual predators and using popular culture as ground zero for their activism campaigns, to show females as either a victim or the hero who empowered herself as a woman. These absurd characteristics come to mind when someone speaks of feminism today. When a mo dern feminist does not adhere to some ridiculousRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1965 Words   |  8 Pagespeople think of the words â€Å"feminist† or â€Å"feminism† it sometimes open the doors to a scrutinizing debate. People will go back and forth on their opinions of this delicate topic causing some people to change their minds where as others will just add more fuel to their own fire by making their beliefs even stronger for the next time they wish to defend their thoughts and ideas. Those people who stand by their strong supportive thoughts, ideas, and beliefs on the topic of feminism are known as a feminist’sRead MoreSecond Wave Feminism : A Feminist Perspective2232 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is feminism? What makes someone a feminist? In today’s society, a common answer might be â€Å"an angry lesbian that hates men.† However, feminism as defined by the OED, is â€Å"the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of politi cal, social, and economic equality to men.† Simply put, a feminist is someone who believes that women and men should be treated equally, regardless of gender. The rise in feminism is due in part to the multiple waves of feminist movements that have raised awareness concerning

Strategy for Adopting Discontinuous Innovation Coursework

Essays on Strategy for Adopting Discontinuous Innovation Coursework The paper "Strategy for Adopting Discontinuous Innovation" is a brilliant example of a term paper on marketing. The paper tries to answer the three Ws of discontinuous innovation. That is it answers the what, why and when of discontinuous innovation. It also explains the situation at hand and proposes a solution to the problem. The first section of the paper tries to answer the question that what discontinuous innovation all about? It tries to explain it in terms of the market and describe the history. It also compares continuous and discontinuous innovation and the scenarios in which they are effective. The second section is inclined towards explaining the circumstances that the company is facing and the approach that it should adopt. The last section explains the risks that are involved with discontinuous innovation and what kind of approach we should adopt to achieve it.IntroductionInnovation is a creation that results from study and experimentation. In terms of business, innovati ve product is one that increases the benefits and decreases the costs. Successful innovation is one that makes the impossible possible. Then what is discontinuous innovation? Discontinuous innovation presents a very new concept to the customer, one that the customer has never experienced and thus customer has extensive experience of learning and research. Another definition describes discontinuous innovation as entirely ‘new-to-the-world’ products, which are design, and manufactured to perform some function for which previously there were no products available in the market. A product that changes the stature or in other words ‘game’ of the company, we refer to it as discontinuous innovation. Data collected from twelve discontinuous innovation projects during 5 years from 10 mature firms reveals the difficulties or hurdles that they encountered during the transition from the Research and Development phase to the operating unit. For example, Hewlett-Packard' s inkjet printer indicates a discontinuous innovation approach. Disposable diapers, first introduced by Procter Gamble, decimated cloth diaper service providers. PG owned the market for this product from the 1960s to the mid-1980. Film photography (by Kodak) eliminated glass plate photography, although it took over 15 years to do so. (Kaplan, S.M. (1999), "Discontinuous innovation and the growth paradox", Strategy Leadership, Vol. 27 No.2)Continuous and discontinuous innovation-A comparisonIn this section, we endeavor to identify the differences between the two innovations which is extremely necessary to understand and make the right choices at the right times. Following are the basic features of continuous innovations:Continuous innovations are incremental, that is we perform them in the form of a loop. Moreover, we use existing models for their implementation. The bases of continuous innovations rely on existing knowledge from the industry and market approach. It does not challe nge those approaches but strives to work with them.

Attraction and Event Management for Olympics -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAttraction and Event Management for Olympics. Answer: Events can be described as public or social occasions which are planned within a venue and are usually of importance. The Sochi Olympics staged in 2014 was an event that qualifies within the parameters of an event. The organizers of the Olympic Games engaged in planning for the event using the life cycle model that also factored in its location as a tourist destination. The event was planned on three key stages or cycles of formation, growth and staging. The formal structured approach was important in planning for successfully staging the Games. The event life cycle is important in planning for events and reviewing in order to give recommendations for improvements. Each cycle can be broadened into: formation (strategy and planning,), growth (marketing and promotion, design and development) and staging (execution). Analysis of Event Life Cycle Formation Stage- The formation cycle of the Sochi Olympics started in 2005 when the International Olympic committee invited bids for hosting the 2014 games, with the Russian Federation submitting Sochi as the identified location for hosting the Olympics. Sochi is approximately 145 km in length and is found along the Black Sea coastal area. It forms part of the Krasno dar region and grew as a health-resort city (Vamling Bo 2013). It has a unique climate that offers visitors the opportunity to mountain ski and sun-bath at the same time. A.O (2014) explains that the main reason why it was chosen because it is fitted in with the geo-political aspirations of Vladimir Putin. Putin was known to spend a lot of time in Sochi as his favorite vacation location. He wanted to solidify his international legitimacy with Sochi as his showpiece. Another reason why it was chosen is because it has traditionally been associated with corruption and this was seen in the budget that was over- run by 150%.When Sochi received the official confirmation in 2007, the Russian Olympic Committee set out plans for the actual preparation of the games. The Sochi Organizing Committee comprising of official drawn from the Federal Agency for Physical Culture and Sports, the Administrators of the city of Sochi and the Russian Olympic body (Muller 2011). This committee was tasked with providing planning, delivery and closure under a Soviet-style that was grandiose and wasteful, and intended to assuage national pride. Growth stage- The growth stage incorporated the design and development components of construction. This also included marketing and promotion of the games. Funding was also secured through public (4%) and private (96%) participation. The various costs associated with the games totaled $ 55 billion (Ortung 2014). The event overstated its initial projection due to corruption in different forms: sites were reworked in order to justify the extra charges and giving work to friends with no qualifications as contractors (A.O 2014). The cost breakdown was in operational and capital costs for constructing new venues. Other costs extended to sports related as well as those not related to sports such as infrastructure improvement The contractors work included moving the stadium used for the 1980 Olympics in Moscow to Sochi. Other structures such as the bleachers and concession stands were also relocated to Sochi. This was done to save construction costs and was part of the corruption process. The marketing and promotion revolved around the official slogan Hot. Cool.Yours. This was an improvement of the earlier suggestion: Potentially the Most Terrifying Olympics of All Time. The change of campaign was to pre-empt the negative feedback that would arise with claims of corruption after the games. This campaign included components such as broadcasting, sponsorship, ticketing and licensing. The promotion and marketing was successful, generating the highest revenues at $ 1.2 billion and surpassing previous Winter Olympics (Olympic.org 2014). Staging- The games which involved over 6000 athletes was hosted in different sites in and near Sochi. The main Olympic Park was composed of the Bolshoy Ice Dome, Iceberg Skating Palace, Adler Arena and the Shayba Arena. It also included the Fisht Stadium which served as the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies (Fitzpatrick 2014). Various villages were constructed for the athletes such as the Media Village found at the Rosa Khutor resort and the Rosa village in Krasnaya Polyana (Olympic.org 2014). The games were officially opened on the 7th February and closed after two weeks on the 23rd of the same month. The organizing committee ensured that any security emergencies and unforeseen occurrences would be handled quickly with other stakeholders and participants. The staging was not attended by the leaders of the US, Germany, the UK and France. This was due to the anti-stance that was adopted by Russia. The leaders of the above countries boycotted the opening ceremonies as a way of showing their disapproval with the stance taken by Russia (Campbell-Dollaghan 2013). Despite the growing tensions between Russia and the Ukraine, the Ukrainian president attended the official opening in order to get a private audience with Putin. Immediately following the closing of the winter Olympics, the Paralympics commenced thereafter. The Paralympics had a total of 72 medal events and required more than 8000 volunteers to assist the athletes participating (Paralympic.org 2014). The sports which featured included alpine skiing, cross-country skiing and ice sledge hockey.. Recommendations The first recommendation is with regards to the formation stage of the event life cycle. Sochi was not the best location to host a winter Olympic due to its climate which is sub-tropical. During the games, it was not cold enough to snow which was a requirement for staging of some games (Taylor 2014). For Sochi to have continued attracting tourists coming for athleisure, ensuring that it has natural climatic condition is important. For the residents who are the stakeholders, generating artificial snow after the event would not have been commercially viable and sustainable. The recommendation in the future is to use a location that has the ideal climatic to ensure its sustainability in terms of weather conditions. The second recommendation would be to choose a location that is more secure in order to reduce costs related to security. Sochi lies in the southern area of Russia that is prone to concerns over security (Sochi 2014). The US had two warships on standby in case of any terrorist attack. Sochi could not attract and maintain visitors as a tourist destination in the future due to security concerns. Sochi city could not provide security on the scale seen during the event and this makes its sustainability as a future events avenue to be greatly compromised. The recommendation is to allow the stakeholders be the primary providers of security in order to build confidence of the local stakeholders long after the games have ended. The third recommendation is to convert some of the sporting facilities for use in sports that are normally played in warmer weather. Some of the facilities which had to use artificial snow could be used for regional or national games within the Russian Federation. This would ensure that the residents of Sochi are not left with a white elephant project that does not add economic value. The new use of the facilities would ensure that the economy that was stimulated and boosted by staging the Olympics is sustainable and adds value to Sochi as a sports tourism destination. This would make the residents own up the facilities and continue marketing itself as a sports and athleisure tourist destination. The Sochi Olympic Games was held in 2014 and was the venue for both the winter and Paralympics games. The sets of actions that culminated in the successful staging involved planning using the event life cycle. The formation, growth and staging were holistically incorporated and executed independently. The formation stage involved strategy and planning, while the growth factored in designing, marketing and promotion. The staging was across multiple sites and the same venue was used for both events. While the event was successful, several recommendations could have resulted in lowering the costs associated with the games. During the formation stage, identifying a location that is secure and appropriate is important in controlling the costs attendant with staging an event. References A.O, 2014, Why Sochi is ironically, the perfect place for winter Olympics, viewed 14 September, https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/02/economist-explains-2 Campbell-Dollaghan, K, 2013, A guide to the Sochi Olympics opening ceremony insanity, viewed 14 September, https://gizmodo.com/a-guide-to-the-sochi-olympics-opening-ceremony-insanit-1516536624 CNN, 2017, Sochi Winter Olympics Fast Facts, viewed 12 September 2017, https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/world/2014-sochi-winter-olympics-fast-facts/index.html Fitzpatrick, A 2014, 'Everything You Need to Know About The Sochi Olympics Opening Ceremony', Time.com, p. 1. McCarthy, M, 2013, Winter Olympics in the subtropics: just snow, viewed 12 September 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2013/12/12/sochi-2014-russian-plans-to-bring-snow-to-subtropical-winter-olympics.html Mller, M 2011, 'State dirigisme in megaprojects: governing the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi', Environment Planning A, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2091-2108. Available from: 10.1068/a43284. Muller, M, 2015, After Sochi 2014: costs and impacts of Russias Olympic Games. Eurasian Geography and Economics, volume 55, (issue 6), https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2015.1040432 Olympic.org, 2014, Marketing report: Sochi 2014, viewed 12 September, https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/IOC_Marketing/Sochi_2014/LR_MktReport2014_all_Spreads.pdf Orttung, RW 2014, 'Olimpstroy: Building the Sochi Olympics from Scratch', Russian Analytical Digest, no. 143, p. 5. Paralympic.org, 2014, Sochi 2014, viewed 12 September, https://www.paralympic.org/sochi-2014 'Sochi 2014: A Security Challenge', 2013, Stratfor Analysis, p. 11. Taylor, A, 2014, Sochi 2014: Seven Years of Preparation, viewed 12 September, https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/02/sochi-2014-seven-years-of-preparation/100675/ Taylor, A, 2014, Why Sochi is by far the most expensive Olympics ever, viewed 12 September, https://www.businessinsider.com/why-sochi-is-by-far-the-most-expensive-olympics-ever-2014-1?IR=T Vamling, K, Bo, P 2013, The Sochi Predicament : Contexts, Characteristics and Challenges of the Olympic Winter Games in 2014, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne.

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano free essay sample

â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† From Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography published in 1776, historians are able to understand the significant difference between how the business of slavery was conducted between Europeans and Africans. Throughout Equiano’s journey, he recalled how the European and African slave traders and owners differed in the treatment of slaves. Although both Africans and Europeans viewed slavery as a business and traded slaves as property, the European’s treatment of slaves was much more horrific and inhumane. Thus, from his personal accounts traveling throughout parts of Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean, he was able to write from his perspective as a slave which provides historians an accurate firsthand account of the slave trade. From Equiano’s earliest account of childhood in the African region of Nigeria, slavery was a common practice amongst Africans in the region. He noted that slaves â€Å"were only prisoners of war, or such among us had been convicted of†¦crimes, which we esteemed heinous. We will write a custom essay sample on The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Equiano, p701. So from Equiano’s account, slavery amongst Africans was not for the purpose of profit and exploitation but rather out of necessity, custom and to assist slave owners. He even commented on that after he was abducted into the slave trade in Africa, he found his way into a chieftain and claimed that â€Å"they all used me extremely well, and did all they could to comfort me. Although the Africans used the practice of slavery as part of their common commerce from Equiano’s account of how he was traded numerous times, each African master throughout his journey treated him â€Å"ethically. We can even construe that African slave owner’s assimilated their slaves as part of the family from Equiano who considered one of his master’s wife â€Å"as something like a mother. † (Equiano,p701) We can also see how although slaves were still considered as property, the African slavers treated slaves as human beings from Equiano’s account of how one of his mistress washed him and even allowed him to eat with her and her son who are both free. Not only did they allow him to eat and drink before them, they also maintained common African customs when the mistress’s son â€Å"would not at any time either eat, or drink till I had taken first, because I was the eldest. †(Equiano,p702. ) From Equiano’s journey in the slave trade in Africa, we see many evidence of how the treatment and sale of slaves was much more â€Å"ethical† in context to his account of his later travels with European slavers. After Equiano had been traded to the Europeans to be transported across the Atlantic to Barbados his accounts significantly differs from his previous accounts while he was in Africa. His Equiano’s point of view, Europeans saw slavery as an economically viable way to exploit Africans and make tremendous profits from the trade. We can see evidence of this from how they loaded the slaves in masses unto ships that caused the condition to be â€Å"so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself. †(Equiano,p703. ) His account provides evidence of Europeans negligence and inhumane treatment of slaves by putting them in these horrific living conditions. These living conditions not only brought suffering, but sickness and death to many slaves from Equiano’s accounts. We can also see that Europeans did not believe that African slaves had any humanity and saw them as purely property to be exploited when Equiano described how a â€Å"multitude of black people of every description chained together. †(Equiano,p702. ) From what Equiano described as he was traded to the Europeans, it is clear that European and African slavers had a much different perspective on slavery. Equiano’s autobiography gives historians a firsthand account of what he sees as he journey throughout Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean. His autobiography provides us evidence that Europeans exploited the African slave trade and treated slaves much more inhumanly then the African slavers. Although Equiano could be slightly biased due to the fact that he was African and he addressed largely to European Christians from his autobiography, his accounts from a firsthand view gives historians evidence to believe that Europeans did in fact treated slaves far worst then Africans.

Favorite Teacher Essay Essays - Marcel Proust, Polling, Free Essays

Favorite Teacher Essay Essays - Marcel Proust, Polling, Free Essays Samantha Jacobs EDF 203 Dr. Day January 20, 2016 Favorite Teacher Essay I transferred to Owen County High School my sophomore year and was put in your class Mrs. Dorton. Ive never been good at the whole school thing, I have always been that student in class who could only understand something if the teacher would come up to me and explain it to me one on one. Not only that, but I need to do things hand on and not with a group of people. Unfortunately at my first High School it consisted of group work and teachers who would only lecture and then sit at their desk until the bell rang. Thankfully, my sophomore year of High School I was lucky enough to be in the class with my soon to be favorite teacher. When I think of what kind of teacher I want to become characteristics of you come to mind. Caring, loving, but also strict. I want to be that teacher where my students feel like they can come to me about anything, I want them to trust me as I trusted you. Not only that, but I loved how you would walk around the class to help explain things to the students who didnt quite understand what you said the first go around. Instead of being frustrated with said students you would simply look at them like anyone else and help them. I remember one day we were in class and you were just simply walking around teaching, no one had their phones out, and you would just make us laugh while explaining to us what the area of a rectangle is. Thats what I want as a teacher is to have the respect of my class like you did from us. While being able to have the students enjoy just the simplest lectures. Thank you for being my favorite teacher and I hope when I become a teacher, I can impact my students like you did for me.

Cetacean Characteristics and Facts

Cetacean Characteristics and Facts The word cetacean is used to describe all whales, dolphins and porpoises in the order Cetacea. This word comes from the Latin cetus meaning a large sea animal, and the Greek word ketos, meaning sea monster. There are about 89 species of cetaceans. The term about is used because as scientists learn more about these fascinating animals, new species are discovered or populations are re-classified. Cetaceans range in size from the tiniest dolphin, Hectors dolphin, which is just over 39 inches long, to the largest whale, the blue whale, which can be over 100 feet long. Cetaceans live in all of the oceans and many of the major rivers of the world. Cetaceans are thought to have evolved from even-toed ungulates (a group that includes cows, camels, and deer). Types of Cetaceans There are many types of cetaceans, which are divided largely according to how they feed. The order Cetacea is divided into two sub-orders, the Mysticetes (baleen whales) and the Odontocetes (toothed whales). The Odontocetes are more numerous, comprising 72 different species, compared to 14 baleen whale species. The Mysticetes include species such as the blue whale, fin whale, right whale, and humpback whale. Mysticetes have hundreds of comb-like plates of baleen hanging from their upper jaw. Baleen whales feed by gulping large amounts of water containing hundreds or thousands of fish or plankton, then forcing the water out in between the baleen plates, leaving the prey inside to be swallowed whole. Odontocetes include the sperm whale, orca (killer whale), beluga  and all of the dolphins and porpoises. These animals have cone-shaped or spade-shaped teeth and usually capture one animal at a time and swallow it whole. Odontocetes feed mostly on fish and squid, although some orcas prey on other marine mammals. Cetacean Characteristics Cetaceans are mammals, which means they are endothermic (commonly called warm-blooded) and their internal body temperature is about the same as a humans. They give birth to live young and breathe air through lungs just like we do. They even have hair. Unlike fish, which swim by moving their heads from side-to-side to swing their tail, cetaceans propel themselves by moving their tail in a smooth, up-and-down motion. Some cetaceans, such as the Dalls porpoise and the orca (killer whale) can swim faster than 30 miles per hour. Breathing When a cetacean wants to breathe, it has to rise to the water surface and exhale and inhale out of the blowholes located on top of its head. When the cetacean comes to the surface and exhales, you can sometimes see the spout, or blow, which is the result of the warm air in the whales lungs condensing upon reaching the cool air outside. Insulation Whales do not have a coat of fur to keep warm, so they have a thick layer of fat and connective tissue called blubber underneath their skin. This blubber layer can be as much as 24 inches thick in some whales. Senses Whales have a poor sense of smell, and depending on where they are, they may not be able to see well underwater. However, they have excellent hearing. They do not have external ears but have tiny ear openings behind each eye. They can also tell the direction of sound underwater. Diving Whales have collapsible rib cages and flexible skeletons, which allows them to compensate for high water pressure when they dive. They can also tolerate higher levels of carbon dioxide in their blood, allowing them to stay underwater for up to 1 to 2 hours for large whales.

I need to analyze the impact that two trade blocs have on Essay

I need to analyze the impact that two trade blocs have on globalization. To analyze the NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement) trade bloc as well as CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) - Essay Example NAFTA is the short for North American Free Trade Agreement, with partners including United States, Canada and Mexico. Officially agreed upon in 1992, the concept already had been conceived during 1980s when US President Ronald Reagan expressed his desire to form a unified North American market (Baliles, 2010, Para. 1). CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement), also signed in 1992, on the other hand is an association formed between the non-Euro nations, which are mainly concentrated around Central and South-Eastern Europe. Initially comprising fourteen nations, the number of membership gradually receded to five with some of them moving into the Euro zone. The five member nations are Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Slovenia) (Pal, n.d., p. 1). Purpose behind the formation of either trade bloc had been promotion of economic growth over the respective regions. Consolidation of nations to form an entity actually facilitates in gaining market and barg aining powers among the international community. These were indeed, the fundamental objectives which played in the minds of the founders while shaping their ideas Consolidation of the NAFTA has resulted to an agricultural boom over the region, which has added to the aggregate agricultural supplies of the world. Moreover, Canada had almost been unnoticed prior to its incorporation, but the world soon realized the nation’s immense investment potentials once that its presence was felt. Member nations of CEFTA too are primarily dependent upon agriculture. Given their enhanced power, the CEFTA nations now export their produce more efficiently and in a manner so as to trigger widespread market demand (Pal, n.d., p. 3). Hence, they too have added to aggregate agricultural products, besides expanding the consumption goods basket.

Communication in International Management - 3 Essay

Communication in International Management - 3 - Essay Example In Germany, the government-owned postal service, Deutsche Post World Net, gradually utilises English as its official language. Much smaller firms are doing the same. The elevator maker, in Finland, known as Kone, assumed English in the 70s; Merloni Elettrodomestici, a midsized home appliance producer, in Italy, did so in the mid-90s (Blommaert, 2010). Management meetings at big banks like Credit Suisse in Switzerland, as well as Deutsche Bank, in Germany, are normally in English. Whereas there are many reasons why English has spread so fast globally and within Europe, a majority of these reasons are found on what critics term as econcultural grounds, that is, they are the consequence of the development of a world market, as well as global development in the fields of culture, science and technology and the media (Blommaert, 2010). A number of languages have been utilised all across the world as contact lingos for global trade and communication. In Europe itself, there have been a num ber of lingua francas as from the Roman times such as Greek, French, Latin, English and German. English, German and French are still widely used in parts of Europe and constitute what scholars refer to as the big languages of Europe (Tietze, 2008). For sure, in its strictest sense, the phrase ‘lingua franca’ appears to be compared to a pidgin in that it is a language with no native speakers. The phrase, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), is mainly applied in this manner exclusively to refer the use of English between people whose mother tongue is not English. Scholars have added ‘B’ to ELF when it comes to using English in business contexts – Business English Lingua France (BELF) (Tietze, 2008). On to the thesis, this paper focuses on question 3, â€Å"implications of using English as a business lingua franca for businesses and native, as well as non-native English speakers.† The use of English The complication of the application of English, as a mother tongue, international language in non-English speaking parts of the world and also as a second language, has been acknowledged by Blommaert (2010), Brannen (2004) and Joseph (2004) and suggestions for transforming Crystal’s (2003) concentric circles structure of world English use to contain this complication have been proposed by Seidlhofer (2005) and more lately by Blommaert (2010) to consider the various, active roles of English in diverse parts of the world. For example, Tietze (2008) argues that in Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, even though English is not the official language, it serves a number of commercial, social, educational and traditional functions, which rationalise classifying these nations as belonging to both Braj Kachru’s ‘outer’ and ‘expanding’ circles. It could likewise be claimed that Denmark and Sweden could gradually be seen as spanning these circles. In addition, the latest succession of 10 more natio ns to the European Union, in 2004, increased the nations in the ‘expanding circle’. This mobility of Europe’s borders and individuals within them, coupled with rising chances for regional trade, adds to the difficulty of language use across Europe and, without a doubt, provokes the development of a global language or languages. Global firms and international business commerce mainly imply a main need for individuals to converse across the globe, at least at a universally written and verbal level (Seidlhofer, 2005). Multilingual communication and translation are vital, but

Carbon dioxide Essay Example for Free

Carbon dioxide Essay Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. ? Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ? The maximum mark for this paper is 45. ? You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. ? You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. ? Advice ? In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. (Jan12CHy1H01) K76507 6/6/6 CHY1H 2 Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box 1 Petroleum diesel is a fuel made from crude oil. Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils. To make biodiesel, large areas of land are needed to grow crops from which the vegetable oils are extracted. Large areas of forest are cleared by burning the trees to provide more land for growing these crops. Leave as forest Forest Produce food Burn the trees Grow crops Produce biodiesel 1 (a) 1 (a) (i) Use this information and your knowledge and understanding to answer these questions. Carbon neutral means that there is no increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Plagiarism :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plagiarism is defined in the Encyclopedia Britannica Online as â€Å"the act of taking the writings of another person and passing them off as one's own†. In my own words I define it as the stealing of someone else’s literary work and taking credit for their writings. Sometimes it is done intentionally as an act of complete dishonesty. Someone may not want to exert the necessary effort required to research and write his or her own work. They assume it would be easier to just copy another author’s work. Another example of deliberate plagiarism is the buying or selling of papers, or hiring someone to write a paper. Most frequently, plagiarism occurs without the writer knowing that he or she is plagiarizing. Simply quoting an author without stating where the quote was taken from and citing the name of author is plagiarizing. If someone uses an authors style of writing and/ or word usage throughout his/her paper that is also considered plagiarism. Whether done intentionally or in error, plagiarism is a crime that can warrant serious penalties   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plagiarism is a severe problem because it has since become an epidemic and is being practiced at an alarmingly increasing rate. It has become widely accepted among students at many colleges and universities across the United States. It has gotten to the point that many students don’t even consider it cheating. This fact alone makes it even more serious and harder to control. It is now common practice to obtain someone else’s writing and turn it in as an original work. It is not difficult to purchase a pre-written paper or hire another individual to write a paper. Students are willing to pay whatever the cost so that they don’t have to do the work themselves. In fact, paper-selling services such as this have become quite a lucrative business. With the age of technology quickly advancing it has become all the more easily to plagiarize. The impact of the Internet on the plagiarism has been huge. You can find hundreds of websites that, for a fee, will offer papers on every topic imaginable. There are also websites that promise custom made papers written based on the requested criteria. The ease and availability offered through such sites has tempted even the most honest students. With the stress and pressure that the pursuit higher education can bring it is often a welcome release to have a ready-made paper at the stroke of key.

Drug and Alcohol Culture

Language Analysis – Alcohol and drug culture in Australia Following the death of Leigh Clark after the circumstances which occurred after he was supplied alcohol by another parent, writer Bruce Guthrie argues in an opinion piece that the law requiring parental approval to supply alcohol could save lives. The second article which supports Guthrie’s contention is a cartoon by Mark Knight, published in the Herald Sun which highlights the public outcry against the call to legalise drugs, where both articles are in favour of changing the law to alter the alcohol and drug culture in Australia.Guthrie employs an anecdote to begin the article which evokes compassion in the reader who responds emotionally to the plight of Bruce Clark who lost his son to an alcohol related event after a party where he was supplied drinks without his parent’s permission. The phrase ‘fatal binge drinking episode’ effectively positions the reader to respond negatively to the even t as the terms have negative associations and are intended to evoke a strong emotional response in the reader.Guthrie personalises the issue for the reader when he places the matter into his own experience, ‘as a parent of two teenagers, one of drinking age’ which persuades the reader as it suggests that the contention comes from a personal involvement in the issue, rather than merely from readings. The successful rebuttal of the shadow minister for consumer protection further persuades the reader, â€Å"Nothing could be simpler†, as it is stated in an assertive fashion and appears conclusive.The image which accompanies the article effectively supports the contention by providing visuals that reinforce the notion of irresponsibility, which Guthrie has concluded in the article. The idea is shown graphically in the image through the positioning of the parents lying drunk underneath a table and their child who uses a parent for leverage to reach a bottle of alcohol on the table. The focus of the image is on the bottle, and the child is shown straining to get alcohol, which evokes concern in the reader.The confronting nature of the image is intended to raise alarm and effectively supports the point of view that Guthrie supplies in the article. The alarmist tone of the image predisposes the reader to accept Guthrie’s contention, as the reader’s attention is likely to be drawn to the image before they read Guthrie’s article. On the other hand, Knight’s cartoon expresses concern about the drug culture that is the subject of much media debate. The caption which accompanies the cartoon, ‘The public outcry against the call to legalise drugs’ effectively conveys Knight’s contention that legislation should be introduced to legalise drugs.The term ‘outcry’ is effective as it suggests that the opposing point of view is based on emotion and hysteria. Knight employs the stereotype of the bikie ga ng to raise alarm in the reader who is likely to recall from the exaggerated figures in the foreground. The figures are intentionally confronting and the caption ‘Outlaw Motorcycle Gang’ on the back of the jacket of one figure encourages the reader to draw associations between the figures and the violence which has recently been widely reported in the media.The figure holding the placard is distanced to suggest that his voice is marginalised. The reader is lead to infer that those who are in favour of legalising drugs are shouted down by the violent majority like the unattractive figures in the foreground of the cartoon. The fact that these figures are shady and obviously involved in illegal activities is intended to position the reader to side with the cartoonist and therefore those who support legalisation.The caption ‘A lot of people would be harmed by the look of things’ is sarcastic and is intended to lead the reader to the point of view through reveal ing that these shady characters would be the ultimate victims of legislation. The reader is likely to feel vindicated by the idea that such unseemly characters will be removed as a threat to common decency is drugs were legalised. Both articles effectively persuade the reader that there is some urgency in the issue of our increasing tendency to embrace a drug and alcohol culture.Concluding with an assertion ‘maybe it will for someone else’, Guthrie leaves the reader feeling that there is a solution to the issue which needs to be embraced. Knight’s cartoon uses visual language to effectively raise alarm in the reader, leaving them feeling that, given the unsavoury nature of the characters who benefit from the drug trade, not enough is being done to convince the public of the urgent need to immediately legalise drugs, which he has so effectively positioned his readers to believe.

Components of curriculum and curricular approaches Essay

Aims of Elementary education( education act of 1892) In the elementary level, schools through their curricula should aim to: Provide knowledge and develop skills, attitudes, values essential to personal development and necessary for living in and contributing to a developing and changing society; Provide learning experiences which increase the child’s awareness of and responsiveness o the changes in the society; Promote and intensify knowledge, identification with and love for the nation and the people to which he belong; and Promote work experiences which develop orientation to the world of work and prepare the learner to engage in honest and gaining work. Aims of Secondary education In high school or secondary level, educational curricula aim to: Continue to promote the objectives of elementary education; and Discover and enhance the different aptitudes and interests of students in order to equip them with skills for productive endeavor and or to prepare them for tertiary schooling. Aims of tertiary education Tertiary education refers to college and university formal education based on the curricula of the different courses. The different courses should aim to: Provide general education programs which will promote national identity, cultural consciousnes,moral integrity and spiritual vigor; Train the nation’s manpower in the skills required for national development; Develop the professions that will provide leadership for the nation; and Advance knowledge through research and apply new knowledge for improving the quality of human life and respond effectively to changing society. School’s Vision is a clear concept of what the institution would like to become in the future. -It is the guiding post around which all educational efforts including curricula should be directed. EXAMPLE 1.A model performing high school where students are equipped with knowledge, skills and strength of character to realize their potential to the fullest. School’s mission School’s mission statement, spells out how it tends to carry out its Vision. -The mission targets to produce the kind of persons the students will become after having been educated over a certain period of time. EXAMPLE 1.Commits to the total development of individuals for life adjustment and to the upliftment of the economically deprived but deserving students through quality instruction, updated facilities and curricula responsive to the needs of the times. School’s goals The school’s vision, and mission are further translated into goals which are broad statements or intents to be accomplished. EXAMPLE 1.Build a strong foundation of skills and concepts 2.Efficient and effective administration responsive of the needs of the university and community. Educational objectives Benjamin Bloom and Robert Mager Defined educational objectives in two ways: 1.Explicit formulations of the ways in which students are expected to be changed by the educative process, 2. Intent communicated by statement describing a proposed change in learners. Objectives direct the change in behavior which is the ultimate aim of learning. Three(3) big domains of objectives Cognitive Domain (Bloom et al 1956) – domain of thought process 1.Knowledge-recall, remembering of prior learned materials in terms of facts, concepts, theories and principles. 2.Comprehension-ability to grasp the meaning of material. 3.Application-the ability to use learned material in new and concrete situation. 4.Analysis-ability to break down material into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. 5.Synthesis-ability to put parts together to form a new whole. 6.Evaluation-ability to pass judgment on something based on given criteria. Affective Domain(Krathwohl, 1964) Domain of valuing, attitude and appreciation 1.Receiving-student’s willingness to pay attention to particular event, stimuli or classroom activities. 2.Responding-active participation on the part of the students. 3.Valuing-concerned with the worth or value a student attaches to a particular phenomena, object or behavior. 4.Organization-concerned with bringing together different values and building value system. 5.Characterization by a value system or value complex-developing a lifestyle from a value system. Psychomotor Domain(Simpson,1972) -domain of the use of psychomotor attributes. 1.Perception-use of sense organ to guide motor activities. 2.Set-refers to the readiness to take a particular type of action. 3.Guided response-concerned with the early stages in learning complex skills. 4.Mechanism-responses have become habitual. Performance skills are with ease and confidence. 5.Complex overt responses-skillful performance with complex movement patterns. 6.Adaptation-skill well developed that the ability to modify is very easy. 7.Origination-refers to creating new movements patterns to fit the situation. Component 2 CURRICULUM CONTENT OR SUBJECT MATTER Curriculum Specialists Content or subject –another term for knowledge. -It is a compendium of facts, concepts generalization, principles and theories. -This is the subject centered view of the curriculum. Gerome Bruner  Ã¢â‚¬Å"knowledge is a model we construct to give meaning and structure to regularities in experience. Example of the broad subject areas or general education. Communication Arts -It include skills in listening ,speaking, reading and writing as well as the effective use of language in daily living. Social Studies -Include basic elements of Geography, History, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics,Civics,Political Science and Psychology. What subject matter will be taught in the different clusters in order to achieve the ogjectives? What criteria should be used in selecting the content? Here are some criteria which can be utilized in the selection of subject matter content or knowledge for the curriculum. 1.Self-sufficiency -According to Scheffler (1970) the prime guiding principles for content selection is helping the learners to attain maximum self-sufficiency in learning but in the most economical manner. 2.Significance -When content or subject matter will contribute to basic idea, concepts ,principles and generalization to achieve the overall aim of the curriculum. 3.Validity -The authenticity of the subject matter. 4.Interest -For learner-centered curriculum,this the key.A learner will value the content it it is meaningful to him or her. 5.Utility -Usefulness of the content or subject matter may be relative to the learner who is going to use it. 6.Learnability -Subject matter should be within the range of the experiences of the learners. 7.Feasibility – The subject matter or content be learned within the time allowed, resources available, expertise of the teacher and the nature of the learners. There are other considerations that may be used in the selection Of the learning content. As a guide, subject matter or content can be selected for use if these are: a. frequently and commonly used in daily life; b. suited to the maturity levels and abilities of students; c. valuable in the meeting need and the competencies of a future career; d. important in the transfer of learning. In organizing or putting together the different learning contents- Palma,1992 PRINCIPLES BALANCE -Curriculum content should be fairly distributed in depth and breadth of the particular learning area or discipline. ARTICULATION -When each level of subject matter is smoothly connected to the next, glaring gaps and wasteful overlaps in the subject matter will be avoided. SEQUENCE -The logical arrangement of the subject matter. INTEGRATON -The horizontal connections are needed in subject areas that are similar so that learning will be related to one another. CONTINUITY -The constant repetition, review and reinforcement of learning. COMPONENT 3 CURRICULUM EXPERIENCES This section will link instructional strategies and methods to curriculum experiences, the core or the heart of the curriculum -The instructional strategies and methods will put into action the goals and use the contents in order to produce an outcome. -The action are based on planned objectives, the subject matter to be taken and the support materials to be used.  Teaching methods ( time-tested methods,inquiry approaches,contructivist and others). Educational activities( field viewing, conducting experiments, interacting with computer programs, field trips and other experiential learning) Some guide for the selection and use of methods 1.Teaching methods are means to achieve the end.They are used to translate the objectives into action. 2.There is no single best teaching method. Its effectiveness will depend on the learning objectives, the learners and skill of the teacher. 3.Teaching methods should stimulate the learners desire to develop the cognitive,affective ,psychomotor, social and spiritual domain of individual. 4.In the choice of the teaching methods, learning styles of the students should be considered. 5.Every method should lead to the development of the learning outcomes in the three domains:cognitive,affective and psychomotor. 6. Fexibility should be a consideration in the use of the teaching methods. COMPONENT 4 CURRICULUM EVALUATION Worthen and Sanders -all curricula to be effective must have the element of evaluation. Curriculum evaluation -refer to the formal determination of the quality, effectiveness or value of the program, process, product of the curriculum. Tuckman(1985) -define evaluation as meeting the goals and matching them with the intended outcomes. Model of evaluation Stufflebeams’s CIPP -In CIPP, the process is continuous and is very important to curriculum managers like principals, supervisors, department head, deans and even teachers. C-context I- Input P-Process P-Product Context -refers to the environment of the curriculum. The real situation where the curriculum is operating is its context. Input -refers to the ingredients of the curriculum which include the goals, instructional strategies, the learners, the teacher, the contents and all the material needed. Process -refers to the ways and means of how the curriculum has been implemented.. Product -indicates if the curriculum objectives accomplishes its goals. Suggested plan of action for the process of curriculum evaluation 1.Focus on one particular component of the curriculum. -Will be the subject area,the grade level,the course,or the degree program? Specify the objectives of evaluation. 2.Coolect or gather the information. -Information is made up of data needed regarding the object of evaluation 3.Organize the information. This step will require coding,organizing,storing and retreiving data for interpretation. 4.Analyze information -An appropriate way of analyzing will be utilized. 5.Report the information -The result of evaluation should be reported to specific audiences. Reporting can be done formally in conference with stakeholders, or informally through roundtable discussions and conversations. 6.Recycle the information for continuous feedback, modification and adjustments to be made. CURRICULAR APPROACHES Behavioral Approach Frederick Taylor Anchored on the behaviorist principles, behavioral approach to curriculum is usually based on a blueprint. in the blueprint, goals and objectives are specified, contents and activities are also arranged to match with learning objectives. Managerial approach The managerial approach became a dominant curriculum approach in the 1950’s and 1960’s.The principal is the curriculum leader at the same time instructional leader who is supposed to ne the general manager. The general manager sets the policies and priorities, establishes the direction of change and innovation, and planning and organizing curriculum and instruction. Curriculum managers look at curriculum changes and innovations a they administer the resources and restructure the schools. Some of the roles of the Curriculum supervisors (Ornstein and hunkins,2004) 1.Help develop the school’s education goals. 2.Plan curriculum with students,parents,teachers and other stakeholders. 3.Design programs of study by grade levels. 4.Plan or schedule classes or school calendar. 5.Prepare curriculum guides or teacher guides by grade level or subject area. 6.Help in the evaluation and selection of textbooks. 7.Observe teachers. 8.Assist teachers in the implementation of the curriculum. 9.Encourage curriculum innovation and change. 10.Develop standards for curriculum and instructional evaluation System approach The system approach to curriculum was influenced by system theory. In this approach the parts of the total school district or school are examined in terms of how they relate to each other. The organizational chart of the scholl represents a systems approach. George Beauchamp -The system theory of education see the following to be of equal importance are 1.adminstration 2.counseling 3.curriculum 4.instruction and 5.evaluation Humanistic approach This approached is rooted in the progressive philosophy and child-centered movement. This approach considers the formal or planned curriculum and the informal or hidden curriculum. It considers the whole child and believes that in curriculum the total development of the individual is the prime consideration. The learner is at the center of the curriculum

Composer Artist Paper essays

Composer Artist Paper essays The baroque period was characterized by a heroic, dramatic and emotional theme. With well know names like Rembrant, Bach, Pennini, Caravaggio, Bernini, Tintoretto, Velasques, Poussin, Handel, and Rubens, the period produced many popular pieces of music and art. The art of the period was filled with movement, light versus shadow, and the use of the whole surface. The composers incorporated new ideas into their music such as different major and minor scales, the use of the violin, a regular rhythm, a melody that was hard to sing to, terrace dynamics, the basso continuo, and instrumental music was now considered as good as vocal music. The baroque period was an important piece of history in the shaping of the music and art world. George Frideric Handel was a composer of amazing talents and abilities. Although in todays society he is not as well known as Bach, his work was kept in high regards by the people of the time. Both Handel and Bach were born in 1685 about a month apart, and together the world was stunned by the masterpieces created by these great minds. Handel, being born on February 23, in Halle, Germany, was not from a musical family. As a child he was introduced to the harpsichord by his aunt, and soon after he began to practice the art that he loved. His father showed no interest in Handels music and disowned him saying, " Then let him be a clown, a tightrope walker, a minstrel or a bear trainer!" On a business trip, Handel accompanied his father to the city of Weissenfels, where he happened to slip away into the town church, and began to play an improvised rendition of the postlude to the service. After seeing the remarkable talent of the young boy, the duke of the church persuaded Han dels father that "...to ignore this talent would be a sin against God."2 Handel began his lesson with Duke Zackow soon after, being instructed in the playing of the organ, the harpsichord, and the violin. At t...

Quotes by Ahmed Skou Tour

Quotes by Ahmed Skou Tour Without being Communists, we believe that the analytical qualities of Marxism and the organization of the people are methods especially well-suited for our country.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, first president of Guinea, as quoted in Rolf Italiaanders The New Leaders of Africa, New Jersey, 1961 People are not born with racial prejudices. For example, children have none. Racial questions are questions of education. Africans learned racism form the European. Is it any wonder that they now think in terms of race after all theyve gone through under colonialism?Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, first president of Guinea, as quoted in Rolf Italiaanders The New Leaders of Africa, New Jersey, 1961 An African statesman is not a naked boy begging from rich capitalists.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, first president of Guinea, as quoted in Guinea: Trouble in Erewhon, Time, Friday 13 December 1963. The private trader has a greater sense of responsibility than civil servants, who get paid at the end of each month and only once in a while think of the nation or their own responsibility.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, first president of Guinea, as quoted in Guinea: Trouble in Erewhon, Time, Friday 13 December 1963. We ask you therefore, not to judge us or think of us in terms of what we were or even of what we are but rather to think of us in terms of history and what we will be tomorrow.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, first president of Guinea, as quoted in Rolf Italiaanders The New Leaders of Africa, New Jersey, 1961 We should go down to the grassroots of our culture, not to remain there, not to be isolated there, but to draw strength and substance there from, and with whatever additional sources of strength and material we acquire, proceed to set up a new form of society raised to the level of human progress.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, as quoted in Osei Amoahs A Political Dictionary of Black Quotations, published in London, 1989. To take part in the African revolution it is not enough to write a revolutionary song: you must fashion the revolution with the people. And if you fashion it with the people, the songs will come by themselves.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, as quoted in Osei Amoahs A Political Dictionary of Black Quotations, published in London, 1989. At sunset when you pray to God, say over and over that each man is a brother and that all men are equal.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, as quoted in Robin Halletts, Africa Since 1875, University of Michigan Press, 1974. We have told you bluntly, Mr President, what the demands of the people are ... We have one prime and essential need: our dignity. But there is no dignity without freedom ... We prefer freedom in poverty to opulence in slavery.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©s statement to General De Gaulle during the French leaders visit to Guinea in August 1958, as quoted in Robin Halletts, Africa Since 1875, University of Michigan Press, 1974. For the first twenty years, we in Guinea have concentrated on developing the mentality of our people. Now we are ready to move on to other business.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©. as quoted in David Lambs The Africans, New York 1985. I dont know what people mean when they call me the bad child of Africa. Is it that they consider us unbending in the fight against imperialism, against colonialism? If so, we can be proud to be called headstrong. Our wish is to remain a child of Africa unto our death..Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, as quoted in David Lambs The Africans, New York 1985. People of Africa, from now on you are reborn in history, because you mobilize yourself in the struggle and because the struggle before you restores to your own eyes and renders to you, justice in the eyes of the world.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, as quoted in The Permanent Struggle, The Black Scholar, Vol 2 No 7, March 1971. [T]he political leader is, by virtue of his communion of idea and action with his people, the representative of his people, the representative of a culture.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, as quoted in Molefi Kete Asante and Kariamu Welsh Asantes African Culture the Rhythms of Unity: The Rhythms of Unity Africa, World Press, October 1989. In the history of this new Africa which has just come into the world, Liberia has a preeminent place because she has been for each of our peoples the living proof that our liberty was possible. And nobody can ignore the fact that the star which marks the Liberian national emblem has been hanging for more than a century the sole star that illuminated our night of dominated peoples.Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©, from his Liberian Independence Day Address of 26 July 1960, as quoted in Charles Morrow Wilsons Liberia: Black Africans in Microcosm, Harper and Row, 1971.

Housing association governance puts the interests of the organisation Coursework

Housing association governance puts the interests of the organisation above those of residents. Discuss - Coursework Example hort a Housing Association is a society or company established for the purpose of providing; constructing; improving or managing; facilitating and encouraging the construction or improvement of housing accommodation. Housing associations are not governed by the state or the government. It is a privately functioning body that aims to provide people of all categories with the type of homes they need in their desirable location. The association consists of a board of members, senior officers who have knowledge about this sector, and some volunteers. The targeted groups for housing association can be older people, disabled people, young people, bachelors, couples, or any other type of people who are looking for homes to buy or for rent. The housing association is earning a great amount of money through this property dealing business as the housing has become expensive, especially in larger cities, which makes it difficult for people to find suitable homes for themselves. Good governance in the housing association is fundamental to establishing successful organisations. It enables them to deliver their aims and objectives and, in particular, deliver excellent quality services to tenants, ensure the proper use of public funding, and safeguard the reputation of the sector. The housing association governance operates according to the law and their constitutions; it is headed by an effective board with a sufficient range of expertise and executive arrangements that gives capable leadership and control. Housing association maintains the highest standards of integrity in all their dealings; it protects public investment and is responsive to residents’ views and priorities. Further the duties of housing association governance includes dealing with the Housing Corporation in an open and co-operative manner, notifying any anticipated or actual violation of the Code or anything that might significantly affect its ability to fulfil its obligations under the Code and de-track

Business Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Information Systems - Essay Example The company has a wide clientele that ranges from large supermarket chains to small health food shops. Organised under four main divisions, – manufacturing, warehousing and distribution, sales and marketing, and finance – FFC caters to ‘advance orders’ booked a week in advance as well as ‘priority orders’ that are immediately delivered. Apart from processing, cooking, and preparing food at its manufacturing site close to headquarters, the company also out sources pre-prepared and partly prepared food products from other vendor firms, and markets them after packaging. The annual turnover of FFC stands at an impressive UKP15 million, with a steady net profit of about 7%. Currently on an ambitious five-year plan to augment the annual growth rate to 10% discounting inflation, and net profit to 9%, FFC will take advantage of the growing demand for fashionable and quality food products. The company has been traditionally operating on a solely paper-based transaction processing, accounting, and reporting mode that is obsolete and incompatible with the information age, besides being cumbersome, time-consuming, and inefficient. As Allen and Gilmore (2004, p.180) rightly observed, the â€Å"factory of the future† that succeeds in the new millennium would be â€Å"organized around the computer.† And that future is right here and now. The power of the ubiquitous computer or laptop and the immense scope of the World Wide Web and Internet technology hold great potential to â€Å"integrate the various processes involved in the manufacture of a product or delivery of a service.† (2004). Towards the closing decades of the 20th century, computer technology was largely used for MIS (management information systems) applications, mostly on a stand-alone mode. The advent of network technology and Internet has now transformed the scope of computer applications as never

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International business - Essay Example For many companies, including middle-size enterprises, international sales provide additional profits and are all that enable some companies to make any profits at all. International expansion is one of the best methods to sustain strong market position and increase sales. All the Disney theme parks are united by a common approach which distinguishes them from conventional amusement parks. The share prospectus for Euro Disneyland provides a good account of their thinking. The expansion of Euro Disney to Eastern Europe proposes great opportunities for Disney Corporation to enter a new market and attract millions of new visitors. The Eastern Europe is one of the potential geographical regions for Disney to expend its activities and gain larger market share. The proposed country for Disney is Slovak Republic. This location was selected because Slogan Republic is an attractive tourist destination for many European tourists, so it would help Disney to attract wider target audiences in summer and in winter. Slovak republic and Eastern Europe do do have any theme park like those proposed by Disney. The liberation and democratization of the political system in many East European countries have proved to be a boon to dynamic retail companies from France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, and Italy. Most East European countries have yet to create adequate infrastructure support for modern retailing to take root in the new environment (Slovak Republic Home Page 2008). There is little doubt that Western retailers will have unlimited opportunities to expand in this region through joint ventures, licensing, and limited-term management contracts. Eastern Europe, in spite of its initial problems, will offer a great growth opportunity to West European retailers for many years to come. Slovak Republic is one of the main FDI destinations in the region attracting potential investors by

Market structures in the Agriculture industry

Market structures in the Agriculture industry There are many types of market structure which are perfect competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. The market structure of Agriculture is perfect competition and sometimes referred to as pure competition. Agriculture firm is a perfect competition because it market structure characterized by a large number of firms so each of the firm in perfect competition produces an insignificant percentage of total market output and thus that no single firm can influence or control over the ruling market price. Â   (Geoff Riley, 2006) Besides, the agriculture product is said to be standardized or homogenous. Its means that, agriculture product is a product where buyer cannot differentiate in terms of quality, packaging or labeling. Therefore, in agriculture market customers dont care which specific firm they buy from because it is absolutely identical. Therefore, the firms cannot charge different prices for the same product in the market. (AmosWEB Encyclonomic) Besides that, There are freedom of entry and exist from the market in perfect competition. This type of market is feasible in the long run and no firm will dominate the market and evict other firm. (Geoff Riley, 2006) Furthermore, each firms product supplied to the markets that are prefect substitutes for the product of others firms, so the demand for each firms product is perfectly elastic. Therefore, the firms in the perfect competition have no power to set the price they have to sell the product at the going market price. This type of firm are said to be price takers. (AmosWEB Encyclonomic) As a price taker, individual firms in perfect competition will sell their product at the equilibrium price. This can be shown in both figure 1a and figure 1b. Market Firm Price Price S P* P D Quantity Quantity Figure 1a Figure 1b At the equilibrium price, the quantity demand and quantity supply of the market is balance. The equilibrium price can be shown in figure 1a, where the supply and demand curve intersects with each others. The equilibrium price is at P*. At any price below P*, the market shortage of the product would exist. At this price the quantity demand is higher than quantity supply therefore it will causes excess demand in this product. Due to the product shortage, the buyer would bid among themselves for the limited supply and price would rise to eliminate the shortage. (Grey Parry and Steven Kemp, 2000). Conversely, if the price is above the P*, the market surplus of the product would exist. Therefore, it will cause excess supply in this product. Sellers will want to eliminate the surplus by lowering prices. That is because, when the price falls, the quantity of demand would rise to eliminate the shortage. (Grey Parry and Steven Kemp, 2000). When either supply or demand changes, the equilibrium price will change. As shown in figure 2a below, the increase of food demands from D1 to D2 cause the both price (P1 to P2)and quantity sold(Q1 to Q2) to increase. At the old equilibrium price of P1, quantity demanded will now greater than the quantity supplied. Therefore, the excess demand will result the quantity supply movement along the supply curve to a higher equilibrium price where the quantity of demand and supply is once again in balance. A decrease in demand for food would have the opposite effect, the equilibrium price will decrease and the quantity also will decrease. (Grey Parry and Steven Kemp, 2000) Food Price D2 S P2 D1 P1 Q1 Q2 Quantity Figure 2a A change in demand will result in number of factors which are: Bio-fuel production increase Furthermore, the diversion of food for making bio-fuels has lead to increased demand for bio-fuel raw material, such as wheat, soy, maize and so on. Therefore, the increasing in biofuel production causing less food available for human consumption and the price of food crops were increase dramatically. The most clearly example are the use of corn in the United States for the production of biofuels. In the about 25 to 30% of corn output in the US is used for ethanol biofuels. (CNET News, 2008 )Biofuels have forced global food prices up by 75 per cent and these prices are higher than the previously estimated, a study by the recent report of World Bank (Sumanjeet Singh, 2009) As shown in figure 2b below, when the supply of food increase from S1 to S2, the food price will fall from P1 to P2 and the quantity demand will be movement along the demand curve to a new equilibrium price where the supply curve intersects with demand curve. Finally the new equilibrium price and quantity will P2 and Q2 . Food Price D S1 P1 S2 P2 Q1 Q2 Quantity Figure 2b A change in supply will result in number of factors which are: Natural disaster First and foremost, that cannot denied that the natural disaster bring a seriously influence on the food production. The worst drought happened in Russia last year damaged a largely number of wheat crop and cause the Russian government to cease grain export for the year. Seriously flooding in Australia also damages wheat crops and causes some of the crops were downgraded for use only as animal food. Consequently, the wheat crops were faced shortage in the past year and cause the price of grain food has risen sharply. (Dr. Grary Peters, 2011) Negative climate changes Beside that, the word agriculture suppliers were significantly decreased due to the global warming. Therefore, in the global warming period will result in additional price increase for the most important agricultural crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and soya beans. According to the International Food Policy Research Institute showed in December, it states that the global warming will increase the price of corn, wheat and rice by at least two-thirds by 2050. (Bloomberg, 2011) Beside that, according to the Integrated Regional Information Networks, IRIN, it state that within the next four decades maize prices could rise by up to 131 percent due to the global temperature and some of the African farmer might have to give up agriculture if the weather are getting hotter. (IRIN News, 2010)

Software Patents and Copyright Laws Destroy Free Competition Essay

Software Patents and Copyright Laws Destroy Free Competition Introduction If Haydn had patented "a symphony, characterized by that sound is produced [ in extended sonata form ]", Mozart would have been in trouble. Patent - a writing securing to an inventor for a term of years the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention; or it may be the monopoly or right so granted[i]. The traditional rationale for patents is that protection of inventions will spur innovation and aid in the dissemination of information about technical advances. By prohibiting others from copying an invention, patents allow inventors to recoup their investment in development while at the same time revealing the workings of the new invention to the public. Absolute Monopoly - this is what it means! The people who have come up with the idea of protecting the innovation and so called rewards to the innovators never thought that what it may mean to the corporations and how it will kill the innovation in the software industry. As Stallman said â€Å"Software patents are a danger that affects all programmers and all computer users. I found out about them of course in working on Free Software because they are a danger to my project as well as to every other software project in the world.[ii]† I truly agree with Stallman’s view of the Patent. Now a day the number of patents is growing exponentially and due to open trade (software specially) internationally the patent law of one country is influencing the law in the other. Country like India where the software industry is growing at a tremendous pace and the US companies generate most of the business, people in India may advocate a law similar to US. Right now the state of the law is much stricter th... ... [i] Merriam-Webster online dictionary [ii] Stallman’s speech at Model Engineering College : The Danger of Software Patents [iii] Software Patent in US, Japan and Europe. [iv] Questions on software patentability in US and Europe. [v] NewsFactor Network (04/15/03); Brockmeier, Joe [vi] Sequential Innovation, Patents and Imitation [vii] New York Times, Sunday, December 14, 2003 [viii] NASSCOM, India. [ix] PCT Newsletter [x] Software Patent in India. [xi] MANUAL OF PATENT PRACTICE & PROCEDURE [xii] Salient Features of The Indian Patents [xiii] Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council [xiv] Linux Today – Boycott Amazon! [xv] Forbes [xvi] GNU – About Free Software [xvii] Software Patents [xviii] http://swpat.ffii.org/news/03/intel1211/index.en.html [xix] http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/Patents/knuth-to-pto.txt

Hold the Future in Your Hand

â€Å"Hold the Future in your Hand† In 1962, Sony put an ad out to introduce one of the first micro televisions (TV). This tiny box was a milestone in television viewing at that point in time. Who could believe that in is era that Sony would create a television that could actually be held in the palm of the hand? At only 8lbs. it is not much larger than your telephone. Think of it, it’s the early 60’s and a typical household only had one television, then suddenly an advertisement comes out describing a television that can be held in your hand.Imagine it, a rechargeable TV, one that could be used by normal battery, auto battery or by plugging it into the wall. Now all of a sudden this was not only a small TV to fit in a person’s hand, but one that could be brought anywhere. No longer was a family tied to watching TV just at home, now television was able to be watched anywhere. The 1962 ad â€Å"Hold the Future in your Hands, by Sony† is an effective advertisement that in it’s time was cutting edge technology; Sony shows appeal to men and women, versatility as well ad keeping up with a demanding future.To begin with, Sony’s attempt in bringing portable televisions to the horizon was very effective in the way they advertised. They created a television that was not only designed to appeal to both sexes but to show their leap in technology as well. Sony did not just put out a hand held television they also made one that you could use without having to watch television in the home, but rather one that you could watch on the road or outside.Secondly, over the past 66 years, Sony has continually shown us that they are always on the cutting edge of something big. Even back in the 1960’s when they were well ahead of their competitors; Sony produced a product that was not only new and inventive but versatile as well. Sony jumped ahead in the competition by creating a television that was not only useful at home but on the go as well. At that point in time they were the first on the market to design a television with portability.When Sony created this ad showing a woman holding the television in her hand Sony created an appeal to both sexes with this Micro TV, which made it an easier sell. In the 1960’s men were the primary television watchers when they got home from work, but by Sony using the type of ad they did they were able to appeal to the women. Although, this is not as characteristic today as it was in 1960, back then more woman were stay at home wives and mothers and their job was to ensure that dinner and housework was completed.Having this Micro TV that did not have to be plugged in was a blessing for women to be able to watch television wherever they were in the home. Finally, over the years Sony has continually surprised me with their ability to create electronics that make our life easier, as well as give us items to make our life more enjoyable. I would fully recommend Sony to anyone who was in the market for cutting edge electronics. References Yue, Michelle (2012, November). Retro Ad of the Week Retrieved from: http://mascola. com/insights/? p=5460

The Definition of Euthanasia in Different Perspectives

Euthanasia is defined by The American Heritage Dictionary as â€Å"the action of killing an individual for reasons considered to be merciful† (469). Here, killing is described as the physical action where one individual actively kills another. Euthanasia is tolerated in the medical field under certain circumstances when a patient is suffering profoundly and death is inevitable. The word â€Å"euthanasia† comes from the Greek eu, â€Å"good†, and thanatos, â€Å"death,† literally, â€Å"good death†; however, the word â€Å"euthanasia† is much more difficult to define. Each person may define euthanasia differently. Who is to ecide whether a death is good or not? Is any form of death good? All of these questions can be answered differently by each person. It is generally taken today to mean that act which a health care professional carries out to help his/her patient achieve a good death. Suicide, self-deliverance, auto-euthanasia, aid-in-dying, assisted suicide — call it what you like — can be justified by the average supporter of the so-called â€Å"right to die movement† for the following reasons: The first reason is that an advanced terminal illness is causing unbearable suffering to the individual. This uffering is the most common reason to seek an early end. Second, a grave physical handicap exists that is so restricting that the individual cannot, even after due care, counseling, and re-training, tolerate such a limited existence. This handicap is a fairly rare reason for suicide; most impaired people cope remarkably well with their affliction, but there are some who would, at a certain point, rather die. We say that there is a second form of suicide; justifiable suicide, that is a rational and planned self-deliverance from a painful and hopeless disease which will shortly end in death. I do not hink the word â€Å"suicide† sits well in this context but we are stuck with it. Suicide is the taking of one's own life. Why does the term euthanasia even exist? Is euthanasia not suicide? A differentiation must be made between the two. Suicide is condoned by society as being unacceptable but euthanasia is viewed as moral and acceptable in most instances. The term â€Å"self-deliverance† is difficult to understand because the news media is in love with the words â€Å"doctor-assisted suicide†. This is because the news media is dissecting the notion of whether or not doctors, who are supposed to preserve life, should artake in euthanasia. The media is failing to look at the actual issue of euthanasia, but instead, they are looking at the decision of whether or not doctors should assist in euthanasia. Also, we have to face the fact that the law calls all forms of self-destruction There are ethical guidelines for euthanasia. If the following guidelines are met, then euthanasia is considered acceptable. The person must be a mature adult. This is essential. The exact age will depend on the individual but the person should not be a minor who would come under quite different laws. Secondly, the person must have learly made a considered decision. An individual has the ability now to indicate this with a living will (which applies only to disconnection of life supports) and can also, in today's more open and tolerant society, freely discuss the option of euthanasia with health-care professionals, family, lawyers, etc. The euthanasia must not be carried out at the first knowledge of a life-threatening illness, and reasonable medical help must have been sought to cure or at least slow down the terminal disease. I do not believe in giving up life the minute a person is informed that he or she has a terminal illness. Life is precious, you only live once, and it is worth a fight. It is when the fight is clearly hopeless and the agony, physical and mental, is unbearable that a final exit is an option. The treating physician must have been informed, asked to be involved, and his or her response been taken into account. The physician's response will vary depending on the circumstances, of course, but they should advise their patients that a rational suicide is not a crime. It is best to inform the doctor and hear his or her response. For example, the patient might be mistaken. Perhaps the diagnosis has been misheard r misunderstood. Patients raising this subject were met with a discreet silence or meaningless remarks in the past but in today's more accepting climate most physicians will discuss potential end of life actions. The person must have a Will disposing of his or her This shows evidence of a tidy mind, an orderly life, and forethought, all things which are important to an acceptance of rational suicide. The person must have made plans to die that do not involve others in criminal liability or leave them with guilty feelings. Assistance in suicide is a crime in most places, although he laws are gradually changing, and very few cases ever come before the courts. The only well-known instance of a lawsuit concerning this is the doctor-assisted suicide of Dr. Kevorkian. The person must leave a note saying exactly why he or she is taking their life. This statement in writing removes the chance of misunderstandings or blame. It also demonstrates that the departing person is taking full responsibility for the action. These are all guidelines for allowing a euthanasia to take place. By this, I mean the doctor is involved in the patient's decision and actively performs the euthanasia. I believe that passive euthanasia would show a lack of interest on the doctor's part. Simply allowing a patient to die does not require a doctor's Passive euthanasia should not even exist. Euthanasia is defined as â€Å"the action of killing†¦ † James Rachels states in his â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia† that â€Å"The important difference between active and passive euthanasia is that in passive euthanasia, the doctor does not do anything to bring about the patient's death. The doctor does nothing and the patient dies of whatever ills already afflict him. In active euthanasia, however, the doctor does something o bring about the patient's death: he [actively] kills him† (1024). Is allowing a patient to die considered to be an action? Rachels states â€Å"†¦ the process of being allowed to die can be relatively slow and painful, whereas being given a lethal injection is relatively quick and painless† (1020). Disconnecting respiratory devices is not an acceptable method of euthanasia. It causes the patient to starve for oxygen and gasp for it, but when he/she cannot breathe, the body is starved of oxygen and suffocates. This is not merciful by any means. Rachels also states, â€Å"One reason why so many people think that here is an important moral difference between active and passive euthanasia is that they think killing someone is morally worse than letting someone die† (1022). The idea that a patient utilizes a medical device and has grown dependent on it for life is a grim one indeed; however, relieving a patient who relies on this machine for his/her life by simply cutting it off is not acceptable. Leon Kass states in his â€Å"Why Doctor's Must Not Kill,† â€Å"Ceasing medical intervention, allowing nature to take its course, differs fundamentally from mercy killing. For one thing, death does not ecessarily follow the discontinuance of treatment† (1034). This states my point exactly. Euthanasia is the physical action of putting someone to a painless death who is suffering tremendously. The passive nature of allowing someone to die is not euthanasia. This is not an physical action taken by a doctor to ease a patient's suffering and The doctor should decide whether the ailment is curable and if it is not, he/she should decide whether the patient will live productively for months or even years to come. If the ailment is not immediately fatal, will it cause pain and suffering for the rest of he patient's life? How old is the patient? Will he/she live much longer anyway? All these factors should come into play when deciding whether a patient should be euthanized; however, the doctor's answers to these questions may differ from those of the patient and his/her family. It is up to the patient's doctor to decide whether the patient's ailment is indeed curable. The patient should be presented with the facts. The doctor should tell the patient exactly how it is and not project the false hope that the patient may recover. With this information, the patient can make an informed decision and feel that t is the best one. Sidney Hook states in his â€Å"In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia† that â€Å"Each one should be permitted to make his own choice- especially when no one else is harmed by it. The responsibility for the decision, whether deemed wise or foolish, must be with the chooser† (1028). This is evidenced quite simply by the mere fact that everyone has civil rights and liberties. No one can decide who should die and who should not. Everyone is in complete control of his/her own life and; therefore, should be free to decide. Having considered the arguments in favor of auto-euthanasia, he person should also contemplate the arguments against it. First, should the person go into a hospice program instead and receive not only first-class pain management but comfort care and personal attention? Put simply, hospices make the best of a bad job, and they do so with great skill and love. The right-to-die movement supports their work, but not everyone wants a lingering death, not everyone wants that form of care. Today many terminally ill people take the marvelous benefits of home hospice programs and still accelerate the end when suffering becomes too much. A few hospice leaders claim that heir care is so perfect that there is absolutely no need for anyone to consider euthanasia. While I have no wish to criticize them, they are wrong to claim perfection. Most, but not all, terminal pain can today be controlled with the sophisticated use of drugs, but the point these leaders miss is that personal quality of one's live is foremost to some people. If one's body has been so destroyed by disease that it is not worth living, that is an intensely individual decision which should not be swayed. In some cases of the final days in hospice care, when the pain is very serious, the patient is drugged nto unconsciousness. If that way is acceptable to the patient, then so be it, but some people do not wish their final hours to be in that fashion. There should be no conflict between hospice and euthanasia, both are valid options in a caring society. Both are appropriate to different people with differing values. The other consideration is related to religion: does suffering glorify a person? Is suffering, as related to Jesus Christ's suffering on the cross, a part of the preparation for meeting God? Are you merely a steward of your life, which is a gift from God, which only He may take away. If your answers to these questions is yes, then you should not be involved in any form of euthanasia. Remember that there are millions of atheists, as well as people of differing religions, and they all have rights, too. Many Christians who believe in euthanasia justify it by reasoning that the God whom they worship is loving and tolerant, and would not wish to see them in agony. They do not see their God as being so vengeful as refusing them the Kingdom of Heaven if they accelerated the end of their life to avoid prolonged, unbearable suffering. A doctor should not be allowed to â€Å"play God† and ecide who should live and who should die. In fact, even the patient should not be allowed to, but it is the patient's life and he/she has to live it. So, it is only logical to allow the patient, and no one Another consideration must be that, by ending one's life before its natural end, is one is depriving oneself of a valuable period of good life? Is that last period of love and companionship with family and friends worth hanging on for? Even the most determined supporters of euthanasia hang on until the last minute; sometimes too long, and lose control. They, too, gather with their families and riends to say goodbyes. There are important reunions and often farewell parties. Euthanasia supporters enjoy life and love living, and their respect for the sanctity of life is as strong as anybody's. Yet they are willing, if their dying is distressing to them, to give up a few weeks or a few days at the very end and leave under their own control. Ultimately, the decision lies with the beholder. It is the right of a person to make his/her own choice, with some limitations. It is the doctor's responsibility to provide the patient with an accurate prognosis so that the patient may make an educated decision.